Method of making an abrasion-resistant cosmetic film



l hiatus EIETHOD G? MAKING AN ABRASlON-RESISTANT EIOSMETIC FILM Paul G. Lander, Hmtlngs-ou-Hudson, N. Y.

No Drawing. A pllcaflon February 21, 1957 3 Claim (Cl. 167-80) This invention relates to a method of forming a film of make-up or other cosmetic preparation on human tin, hair or nails, and, more particularly, relates to the method by which the film is made more adherent to the skin and more resistant to removal by action of water and by abrasion than cosmetic films heretofore used.

A long sought goal of the cosmetic art has been to nrovide means whereby a part of the skin surface may be rcpt covered with a film of material which will enhance :ie attractiveness of the surface so treated or conceal -etural blemishes or otherwise adorn the skin surfaces. nil objective which has been sought, but never success- Islly attained in a practical cosmetic, is a film which will adhere to the skin and which will be relatively insoluble and resistant to abrasion so that a single application thereof serves its purpose during an entire day, :hereby obviating the necessity of subsequent applications in that period. Examples of cosmetic products which form films on the skin or associated surfaces include lipstick, face powder, rouge, eye shadow, mascara, and various types or nail enamels.

These products have been prepared in various forms :it the past, i. e., lipstick, eye shadow and paste rouge have been made up of a paste or ointment consisting of waxes, oils, and finely divided solids, the wrench base being employed as an adhesive to the skin to hold the solids, such as color pigments, in place. This type of paste or ointment has been relatively water resistant but may rub d readily.

Other forms of cosmetics, such as face powder and dry rouge, have been applied as a dry powder and have depended on the moisture and the traces of oil present on the skin to hold suficient amounts of the powder on the skin surface, but such powders are easily rubbed or washed off.

Gather types of cosmetic preparations are formed of .-.nlld or semi-solid ingredients, dissolved or suspended in volatile liquid. The volatile character of the liquid causes it to evaporate after the cosmetic has been aplied leaving the solids to form a more or less resistant film. This type of cosmetic is sometimes successful in producing durable films on finger nails, as in the case of nail enamels, for the hard surface of the nail permits use of volatile organic solvents without undue irritation. However, use of such solvents on the skin pro duces an uncomfortable "drying effect and may cause irritation to the skin, unless water is the solvent used. However, as will be appreciated, films deposited by the evaporation of water have the disadvantage of being nonresistant to water or moisture which may thereafter come in contact with them; and therefore, the films produced are not durable.

Some attempts have been made to include "indelible dyes in lipsticks, the dyes being soluble to a small extent in the oil of the base. In this type of preparation, some 0f 1 ers of the and is not removed by ordinary abra- Aiso, certain non-smear" or "indelible" lipsticks the indelible dye penetrates and stains the surface have solvents incorporated which cause the "indelible" dye to stain the lips faster and more intensely. However, these solvents have not been widely successful.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide a cosmetic film and a method of forming such film which is insoluble in water and which has a high resistance to abrasion.

A further object of the invention is to provide a cosmetic preparation and method of application which will form a non-irritating, resistant film.

This invention is directed to the provision of a film forming cosmetic preparation easily applied to the intended surface, which is subsequently fixed or insolubilized by the application of a setting compound which converts the initially applied coating into a relatively resistant film without substantially disturbing the initial effect obtained by the initial application of the film. The invention consists of a cosmetic film which is essentially a fatty acid or a salt thereof, and the method of this invention comprises the initial application to the skin of a film, the essential component of which is selected from the class consisting of the alkali metal salts of the fatty acids, the ammonium salts of the fatty acids, and the amine salts of the fatty acids, and, secondly, the treatment of the thus applied film with a setting agent to convert it to the relatively insoluble fatty acids or, alternatively, to insoluble salts thereof. In this second step, the setting agent is selected from the class consisting of acids and the salts of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and aluminum.

I have discovered that cosmetic coatings thus applied have a relative permanence in respect to normally encountered conditions and are superior in many respects to cosmetic films which have previously been used. I have discovered further that the essential method and film above described may be achieved whether the cosmetic is of relatively rigid form such as, for example, lipsticks, or is in the form of a cream such as, for instance, cream rouges and cream powders, or is in the form of a liquid, or has characteristics of how under the conditions of normal application which lie between these extremes. I have found further that the application of the essential aspects of this invention to the production of an insolu bilized or relatively insolubilized cosmetic film does not preclude the use in the cosmetic of coloring agents, such as water-soluble dyes, oil-soluble dyes, insoluble pigments and the like which are used and available for use in such preparations. Nor does it preclude the inclusion in the primary coatings of gums, waxes or similar bodies normally used to add stiffness or rigidity to the preparation or to increase the gloss of the film. Nor does it preclude the use of humectants, surface-active agents or solvents such as are used in normal cosmetic compositions for various purposes incident to the comfort of the skin to which it is applied, the continuity of the coating thus applied, or the appearance, color, gloss or lack of gloss of said coating. Nor does the practice of the essential elements of this invention in applying and creating this relatively permanent cosmetic film preclude the use in the film of perfumes or scents which are added in normal course to cosmetic preparations for well-known purses.

It will be realized that the wide range of physical forms which cosmetics take, the wide range of colors which are desired, and the wide range of uses to which cosmetics are put cause the compounder of such preparalions to use a variety of waxes, dyes, humectants, gums, pigments and other additives of which, for instance, saccharine and perfumes are good examples, in compounding according to known principles these various cosmetic preparations. It is an advantage of this invention that 3 the essentials thereof may be practiced without any substantial disturbance either of the wide choice of such materials which have previously been available to the compounder or of the various physical forms and colors in which the compounder has previously prepared cosmetics.

The invention, therefore, consists essentially of a cosmetic having as a base a carrier selected from the class consisting of the alkali metal salts, the ammonium salts and the amine salts of fatty acids (aliphatic monocarhoxylic acids), which has been treated to form a relarjvely insoluble film with good resistance to abrasion.

In its method aspects the invention is the two-step process of first applying to the skin a carrier of the type just described and thereafter insolubilizing said carrier with a substance selected from the class consisting of acids and the salts of aluminum, magnesium, calcium. barium and strontium. Since the methods of this invention are practiced on the human skin, a selection of acids must, of course, be made, both as to concentration and nature, which is consistent with the known ability of the skin to withstand either burns or discomfort or possibly toxic etfects. It will be at once obvious to those skilled in the art that acids such as hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid have such irritating or burning effects as to preclude their use, and that other acids may have toxic effects which indeed require that their use he forbidden by prevailing laws relating to drugs and cosmetics. Within these limitations, however, any acid is available for use in the second, or insolubilizing, step of the invention. The organic acids are, for the most part, more suitable for these purposes than are the mineral acids, but among the mineral acids hydrochloric acid has been found to be suitable. Among other acids I have found suitable are acetic acid, aminoacetic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, tannic acid, hydroxyacetic (glycolic) acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. Some acids are better than others not only from the standpoint of skin irritation alone but from the standpoint of the permissible concentrations available without skin irritation, a matter which can be simply determined by tests, and with sutficiently high concentration to insure in a single application a complete insolubilization of the basic film to which they are applied as the second step of my invention. As will be later noted, some are likewise somewhat better than others in that such others have the property of somewhat dulling the initial film, a matter which may in many cases be corrected, if that particular acid be desired, by the use of glossing agents in the initial film. Some acids have more effect than others, where the film is colored, on the coloring agent initially ut in the film, but such effects can be easily measured and correction made by the use of other coloring marerial or of other quantities of the same material, all of which lies within the well-known art of cosmetic preparation. It has been found that any acid not noxious or highly irritating which has a dissociation constant of l.-t lor more is suitable.

In respect of resistance to abrasion, it has been found that the acid used may be reflected somewhat in the degree of abrasion resistance obtained, and while this as well as other effects now under discussion will be furthcr illustrated in the examples which follow, it can be said as a general proposition that acids are, for the most part, equal in this respect except when the acid is present in very small concentrations. For instance, among the many acids that have been tested may be mentioned the following:

The most preferred results with tannic acid were obtained when the minimum concentration of tannic acid in the acid solution was 2 percent.

In the case of glycolic acid, the preferred results are "btained with acid concentrations of 0.5 percent y Jgill or greater.

In the case of ascorbic acid, preferred results are best obtained with concentrations of about 2 percent or greater; while in the case of gluconic acid, best results are obtained with concentrations of 5 percent or better, which concentrations are likewise preferred for malic acid.

With succinic acid, best results are obtained with concentrations of 0.2 percent or better.

The acid concentrations which may be used, as above noted, are limited by the sensitivity of the skin. For instance, in the case of citric acid, a 10 percent solution may cause a slight momentary irritation or unpleasant effect upon application, but no such eficct is observed at 5 percent. and good abrasion resistance is obtained as low as 0.0l percent concentration. In the case of acetic acid, a slight stinging of the skin is observed when a solution containing 2 percent of acetic acid is applied to the initial film in the second step of this invention, but no irritation or stinging whatever is observed with 1 percent solutions of acetic acid, and good resistance to abrasion is achieved with solutions as dilute as 0.05 percent. The exact concentration of acid used is no part of this invention, because within the principles of this invention, questions of skin irritation, questions of color raised by the selection of the compounder, and similar questions are well within simple trial and are of no greater consequence than the determining of the proportions of the other elements, such as the dyes, humectants and the like that are used in the compounding art.

Referring now to the salts of alkaline earth metals and of aluminum which may likewise be used in the place of acids and with the same effect in the second, or insolubilizing, step of this invention, we have found generally that within any concentrations which practicality would suggest for the obtaining of rapid or strong insolubilization of the initially applied film, the problem of skin irritation, or momentarily distasteful effects upon the skin. is substantially obviated. For instance, magnesium sulfate, magnesium citrate, calcium gluconate and calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate and aluminum acetate have been used in amounts as great as 10 percent by weight of the fixing solution without any skin stinging effects whatever, and in the case of substances like calcium acetate and calcium nitrate amounts as high as 26 percent and percent, respectively, have not produced irritating effects. Aluminum chloride used in concen trations of 25 percent by weight has produced no stinging effect on the skin which could be termed unpleasant. Any of these salts are good setting agents and produce, in most instances, a film having excellent resistance to water when used in solutions containing amounts of 1 percent or more, although lesser amounts may he used where for one reason or another the full or preferred permancnt effects are not necessary or desirable.

The cosmetic preparation which is initially applied in accordance with the practice of this invention contains as the essential film forming component a fatty acid salt, as aforementioned, carried in a non-toxic solvent. Any non-toxic solvent may be used, but water or ethyl alcohol is usually selected as the solvent because of its cost, availability and lack of unpleasant or harmful effects on the skin. The amount of fatty acid salt which may be carried by the solvent will vary, the main desideratum being that there be sufficient salt, considered as a solid, to form a film in which the other ingredients of the preparation may be carried or entrapped. l have found that this amount may be as low as 0.5 percent by weight of the initial composite cosmetic preparation, but I prefer to use amounts greater than about 2 percent by weight. and generally prefer to use amounts of about 10 percent to 25 percent by weight. Amounts greater than about 25 percent by weight merely "load the preparation both as to volume and cost, without increasing the durability or permanence of the finally fixed film, but amounts greater than 25 percent may be used.

when a liquid humectant or other liquid component is present in the preparation, the amount of solvent in the preparation may, if desired, be limited to that which is necessary to carry the desired amount of the fatty acid salt, or the amount of solvent may be greatly in excess of that amount, if it is needed as the liquid component of the mixture in order to give the mixture the desired consistency.

in the "sum cosmetic compounding, water will be used the solvent for the fatty acid salt and, in addition, a liquid humecunt will be a component of the preparation, and both the water and the humectant usually furnish the amount of liquid necessary to achieve the required consistency of the mass. In the various examples of the invention which are hereinafter specifically referred to, the actual percentages of the coloring matter, the humcctant, gums, waxes, or other additives have no significance to the description or practice of this invenrion, except insofar as they present usable preparations and exemplify the fact, as previously pointed out, that the practice of this invention and the achievement of the results thereof do not substantially limit the compounder or cosmetic preparations in the use of varying amounts and varying kinds of substances such as are useful in ii'sc. cosmetic film from the standpoint of appearance, a parent continuity of the film, or the comfort or pleasure as the user thereof.

in the following description of the invention, coloring matter specifically referred to is identified by the designation and number ascribed to such coloring matter by the Administrator acting under the Federal Food. Drug and Cosmetic Act and used by said Administrator in the promulgation thereof in the Federal Register.

The fatty acid salt selected from the class consisting of the alkali metal salts, the ammonium salts and the amine salts of fatty acids, may be directly added during compounding of the preparation, allowing solution there in the solvent to proceed during compounding, or the salt may be dissolved in the solvent and the solution thus formed added to the preparation. However, it has been found convenient to add a. fatty acid and an alkali or other salt forming compound as separate components, thus forming the required fatty acid salt during the compounding steps. The convenience of such a procedure lies primarily in the fact that usually the salt forming components can be separately obtained in greater purity and at less cost than in combined form. In the following examples, the salt forming components are therefore usually stated as separate components of the initial mixture.

The fatty acid, i. e. monocarboxylic acid, selected for the preparation of the cosmetic of this invention may be selected from a wide range. The following fatty acids containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms were found to give desirable results:

Capric acid Margaric acid Undecylic acid Ricinoleic acid Laurie acid Stearic acid Tridecylic acid Arachidic acid Myristic acid Behenic acid Pentadecylic acid Ccrotic acid Palrnitic acid The above fatty acids have been successfuly combined with the following alkaline substances or bases, ammonium salt and amine salts: Sodium, potassium, ammonium and lithium hydroxides; sodium and rubidium carbonates; triethanolamine and Z-amino-Z-methyl-l,B-propanediol. it has been found that any base with a dissociation constant of LSXIilor more, will form with the fatty acid aeoap suitable for the cosmetic composition of this li'lVCflilQfl.

In 'iabie l are examples of cosmetic preparations containing film forming components in accordance with this invention. All of these preparations were spread upon the skin to form an initial film, and to the film thus formed there was applied an aqueous solution containing five percent by weight of citric acid. The films thus fixed upon the skin exhibited a good resistance to water and satisfactory abrasion resistance, the films formed from preparations 1 and 2 being somewhat more resistant to abrasion than the films formed from preparations 3, 4 and 5. The consistency of preparations 1, 2 and 4 was such as would allow them to be molded into a rigid form, such as lipstick. The consistency of preparations 3 and 5 was that of a semi-liquid gel, such as would be adaptable for use as a cream.

The resistance to water and abrasion is gauged on a comparative basis. Existing cosmetics which. have shown relatively little or no resistance to water and/or abrasion would be considered unsatisfactory.

TABLE I Preparation No l Glycorlne Propylene Glycol. Water saccharine, soluble. Bodlum Hydroxide, Stearle Madam. Pnlmltic Acid. .0

; assess TABLE II Preparation No 6 7 8 9 Cllyeerlno V Propylene Glycol. Water saccharine, soluble u Potassium Hydroxide.-. Stearlc Acid Laurlc Acid I Candelllla Wa D 6; 0 Red No. 21

The consistency of the preparation 6 was semisolid and those formed from preparations 7, 8 and 9 were syrupy liquids.

The films fixed by the several fixing agents tested separately all exhibited satisfactory resistance to water and abrasion; the films fixed by aluminum chloride and barium chloride solutions being somewhat more water resistant than those fixed by the other fixing agents; and. the films fixed by barium chloride, strontium chloride and calcium nitrate solutions being somewhat more resistant to abrasion than those fixed by the other fixing agents.

The exact salt of any given fatty acid which is selected as a component of the initial film forming preparation may have some efieet on the consistency of the preparation as well as on the degree of permanence of the finally fixed film. For example, six separate preparations, each of which contained about 34 percent water, about 50 per cent glycerine, about 0.3 percent saccharine and 1 percent of the dye D & C Red No. 21, were prepared, the balance of each preparation being, respectively, sodium stearaic. potassium stearatc, ammonium steal-ate, triethanolaminc stcarate, lithium stearate, and 2-amino2-methyl-l,3-propanediol stearate. The preparation containing sodium stearate was of such consistency as to mold readily into .1. rigid form, that containing lithium stearate was :1 liquid. those containing the organic stearates were gum liire, while those containing the potassium stearate and ammonium siearate were in the form of soft paste. When the films formed on the skin by each of these preparations were fixed, in accordance with this invention, by treating the initially formed film with an aqueous solution containing five percent by weight of citric acid, films were formed which were comparatively resistant to abra 'on and water, some being better than others. Those formed from the films containing sodium stearate, potassium stearate and 2-amino-2-methyi-1,3-propanedioi stearate were superior to the others.

By way of additional example, four other preparations were made, each of which contained about 25 percent glycerine, about 25 percent propylene glycol, between 32 percent and 36 percent water and about 0.3 percent saccharine and 1 percent of the dye D 8! C Red Flo. 21, the balance of each preparation being respectively rubidium palmitate, triethanolamine palmitate, ammonium palmitate and triethanolamine laurate. These several preparations formed liquids. When the films formed were applied to the skin and treated with an aqueous solution containing percent, by weight. of citric acid, the film formed by ammonium palmitate showed a satisfactory water resistance and resistance to abrasion and the others showed somewhat more resistance both to water and abrasion. When the preparations were set respectively by 5 percent solutions of aluminum rhioride, barium chloride and strontium chloride, the re sulting films exhibited a good resistance to water and satisfactory resistance to abrasion.

The eti'ect of varying the amounts of humectants and dye, for the normal purposes of use of such substances in cosmetics, in preparations embodying this invention is shown in the following examples. In each of these examples the final fixed film has good resistance to water and superior resistance to abrasion, the sole effect from varying the amounts of humectant, water and dye used in the preparation being on the consistency of the initial fi lm lforming preparation and the color of the mark on t. e s in.

Example No.

Glyeerlne 0000 71100 0.00 01.00 00.00 0510? Water 000 10.00 00.00 00.71; 01.00 32.5.1 SteartcAcld 11.40 11.10 11.10 0.00 2.00 0.50 Bacchartne soluble 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.00 Dao RedNo.21 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 mommanmmm... e21 224 2.04 1.00 0.00 0.00

ExampleNo.

QIYOBHIRL. 00.23 40.10 04.24 40.00 10.14 am. Water. .0012 40.10 30.10 3122s 20.00 20.10 0.00 0.00 am 0.00 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. an 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 10.00 20.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.72 2.70 4.00

Example N o. 22

fllyoorlnr. Watch...

11a 0 ad No. 21 NaOH. U. s. P. Pellets The results of the several test examples set forth above were as follows:

Melts Cold Mnrkonfikln Acid-Set Mark Nu. Consistency Intensity 0 10.. With Dltllltubbery Fair Fair. culti'.

11.... ReadlEy l2. Very nslly-.. 13.... do........ Bolt I. XL. .....do Pllable do Do. 15.- Easily J0lly-Llke... Star ing Very Do.

0 g 16... d0 Cloud Con- Faint Faint.

Successful results have been achieved in tests with all of the following humectants: Glycerine, sorbitol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 600 and diglyccrol.

Furthermore, as above stated, any coloring matter acceptable in cosmetics may be used in the films of this invention without afiecting the obtainment of a good fixed film of superior water and abrasion resistance. All of the following dyes and pigments have been tested and found satisfactory:

Dyes

F D 81 C Greens Nos. 1, 2, 3

F D & C fellows Nos. 1 and S D 81 C Yellow No. 10

Ext. D & C Yellow No. l

D 81 C Orange Nos. 4, 5, 8, 10, 16 FD&C BlueNo.1

Ext. D & C Blue No. 1

D & C Brown No. 1

D & C Violet No. 1 FD&CRedNos. l, 2, 3, 4

D 81 C Red Nos. 5, 19, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33 (i0 Pigments D 81 C Red Nos. l, 2, 3, 5, B, 10, 11, 12, l3, 19, 21, 31,

Occasionally a dye may be encountered, such as D 81 C Violet No. 1, above mentioned, which does not impart a proper degree of color because of its reaction to an alkaline solution, but the presence of such coloring matter, whether or not satisfactory from a color standpoint, does not prevent the obtainment of the resistant fixed film of this invention.

In Table III are additional examples of cosmetic prep- 7 arations containing film forming components in accordance with this invention. These preparations were spread upon the skin to form an initial film and the film in each case was fixed with various solutions including aqueous solutions containing 2% by weight of ascorbic acid and 5% by weight of the soluble metallic salt calcium 5 chloride.

TABLl; Ill

9A. 75 24. 75 24. 76 24. 76 24. 7b 24. 75 24. 75 2A. 76 24.75 24. 7b 24. 75 24. 75 31. 34 31. 52 3i. 68 31.81 31. 93 32.03 saccharine. soluble. 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.30 Sodium hydroxide.

U. 8.? 7.86 268 2.52 2.39 2.27 217 DdrC RodNo.2l.. 1.00 LIX) 1.0) 1.00 1.00 1.00 Perfume 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 L00 Candelllla Wax. Lt!) 4.00 4.00 100 4.00 4.00 Caprie Acid 10.00

Undecylic acid. Laurie acid.-." irideeylic acid- Myristic acid Pentadecylic acid...

Glycerlne Propylene Glycol-.. Water Rncchnrine. soluble Sodium hi'flroxidc,

M8. D d: C Red No. 21.

(erotic ncid.

The consistency of the preparations 23 and 24 in the cold condition were thick liquids, preparation 25 was in the form of a paste, preparations 27 to 34 formed sticks, preparations 27 to 31 forming particularly desirable sticks.

The films fixed hy the several fixing agents tested separately all exhibited satisfactory resistance to abrasion. the films fixed with the soluble metal salt being somewhat more water resistant than those fixed by the acid and also somewhat more resistant to abrasion.

In the case of all the preparations, the mark that was made was satisfactory in quality.

in Table IV are further examples of preparations containing film-forming components in accordance with this invention. As in the case of the previous preparations, these preparations were spread upon the skin to form an initial film and weak solutions of acid, or, calcium salt were used to fix the film.

80 TABLE IV I I l 35 l 36 37 l 38 39 Glyoerine...... 24.75 24.75 24.15 24.15 24.75 00 Propylene Glycol. ..l 24.15 24.75 24.75 24.15 24.15 W8ter 33.6% 3!.72 27.40 33.20 26.80 Succhnrine, soluble. 0. 30 l 0.30 0.30 0.30 0. 30 DdtC Red \'o.2l.. L00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Litluutu l'l droxlde... L52 Potassium ydroxide.. 3.48 Ammonium Hydroxide l 7.00 l

l l Triethannlamtne Z-Amluo-Zmethyl-i, & 8. 40

propanedlol. (Tundolllla Wax 41X) 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Laurie 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Ammonium ydroxlde Trlethtmolamlno Z-Amino-Z-mcthyl-t, 3-

propanediol.

Candelilln Wax Bohonlo Acid.-

The consistency of the preparations 35, 40, 41 and 42 was paste. Preparations 36, 37, 38 and 39 form thick liquids and preparations 43 and 44 were jellies. The marks made by the preparations were good and the water resistance and abrasion resistance of the films of preparations 35 and 44 were in most cases satisfactory, and in some instances the results were particularly good.

It will be noted from the foregoing tables and examples of preparations that the invention may be carried out with the cosmetic film, for initial application, consisting of the salt of a fatty acid selected from the class of alkali metal salts of fatty acids, the ammonium salts of fatty acids and the amine salts of fatty acids, and that effective results have been achieved with fatty acids containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms. i. e. aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms. and that efiective fixing of the cosmetic film has been achieved with the water soluble salts of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, barium and strontium, and also with aqueous solutions of an acid selected from a group consisting of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, aminoacetic acid. ascorbic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid. tannic acid, hydroxyacetic (glycolic) acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, proprionic acid. succinic acid, and tartaric acid.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Serial No. 342,027, filed March 12, 1953 now abandoned.

it will be appreciated from the foregoing disclosure that the objects of the invention have been achieved of providing a cosmetic film and a method of forming such film which is insoluble in water, which has a high resistance to abrasion and which is not irritating to the skin.

i claim:

1. The method of making an abrasion-resistant cosmetic film comprising the steps of applying to human skin a paste compostion including a humcctant selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol and glyceriuc, a pigment, and a fatty acid salt selected from the group consisting of rubidium plamitate, triethanolamine palmitate, ammonium palmitate, lithium stearatc, sodium stearate, potassiu stearate, ammonium stcarate and 2- amino-Z-mcthyl-l,3-propanedio! stearate to form a continuous film of said paste on said skin. said salt being in a proportion of from 0.5% to 25% by weight of said composition and sufficient to form a film carrying said humectant and pigment ingredients, applying to said continuous paste film composed of said paste composition on said skin an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of the water soluble salts of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, barium and strontium, applying suificient of said aqueous solution on said skin with said fatty acid salt in said composition on said skin to form a water insoluble fatty acid salt, and thereby forming with said water insoluble fatty acid salt, humectant and pigment on said skin, a durable coherent, waterrcsistant and skin-adhering film as a skin covering cosmetic.

2. The method of making an abrasion resistant cosmetic film comprising the steps of applying to human skin a composition including a fatty acid salt having a base with a minimum dissociation contant of 1.8)( 1t)" with an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms, a humectant and a pigment to form a continuous film of said composition on said skin, said salt being in a proportion of from 0.5% to 25% by weight of said composition and sulficient to form a film carrying the humectant and pigment ingredients, applying to said continuous film composed of said composition on said skin, an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of water soluble salts of magnesium. calcium, aluminum, barium and strontium, applying sul ficient of said aqueous solution on said skin with said fatty acid salt in said composition on said skin to form a water insoluble fatty acid salt, and thereby forming with said water insoluble fatty acid salt, humectant and pigment on said skin, durable, coherent water-resistant and skin-adhering film as a skin covering cosmetic.

3. The method of making an abrasion resistant cosmctic film comprising the steps of applying to human skin a composition including a fatty acid salt having a base with a minimum dissociation constant of l.8 l0'- with an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms, a humcctant and a pigment to form a continuous film of said composition on said skin, said salt being in a proportion of 0.5% to 25% by Weight of said composition and sufficient to form a film carrying the humcctant and pigment ingredients, applying to said continuous film composed of said composition on said skin an aqueous solution of an acid having a minimum dissociation contant of l.4) l0'- applying suflicient of said acid on said skin with said salt to form a water in soluble fatty acid salt, and thereby forming with said water insoluble salt, humectant and pigment on said skin, durable, coherent, water-resistant and skin-adhering film as skin covering cosmetic.

No references cited.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,876,162 March 3, 1959 Paul G. Lauffer It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 5, line 66, for "successfully" read successfully column line 51, for "compostion" read composition line 56, for potassiw' read potassium column 11, line 1, and column 12, line ll, for "content", each occurrence, read constant Signed and sealed this 30th day of June 1959.

(SEAL) finest KARL H. AXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. THE METHOD OF MAKING AN ABRASION-RESISTANT COSMETIC FILM COMPRISING THE STEPS OF APPLYING TO HUMAN SKIN A PASTE COMPSOITION INCLUDING A HUMECTANT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND GLYCERINE, A PIGMENT, AND A FATTY ACID SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF RUBIDIUM PLAMITATE, TRIENTHANOLAMINE PALMITATE, AMMONIUM PALMITATE, LITHIUM STEARATE, SODIUM STEARATE, POTASSIU STEARATE, AMMONIUM STEARATE AND 2AMINO-I-METHYL-1-3 PROPANEDIOL STEARATE TO FORM A CONTINUOUS FILM OF SAID PASTE ON SAID SKIN, SAID SALT BEING IN A PROPORTION IF FROM 0.5% TO 25% BY WEIGHT OF SAID COMPOSITION AND SUFFICIENT TO FORM A FILM CARRYING SAID HUMECTANT AND PIGMENT INGREDIENTS, APPLYING TO SAID CON TINUOUS PASTE FILM COMPOSED OF SAID PASTE COMPOSITION ON SAID SKIN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE WATER SOLUBLE SALTS OF MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, ALUMINUM, BARIUM AND STRONTIUM, APPLYING SUFFICIENT OF SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON SAID SKIN WITH SAID FATTY ACID SALT IN SAID COMPOSITION ON SAID SKIN TO FORM A WATER INSOLUBLE FATTY ACID SALT, AND THEREBY FORMING WITH SAID WATER INSOLUBLE FATTY ACID SALT, HUMECTANT AND PIGMENT ON SAID SKIN, A DURABLE COHERENT, WATERRESISTANT AND SKIN-ADHERING FILM AS A SKIN COVERING COSMETIC 